Compared to castings, forging improves the microstructure and mechanical properties of metals. After hot working deformation by forging, the original coarse dendrites and columnar grains of the casting structure are transformed into fine, uniformly sized equiaxed recrystallized grains due to metal deformation and recrystallization. This process consolidates and welds the original segregation, looseness, pores, and inclusions in the ingot, resulting in a denser structure and improved ductility and mechanical properties of the metal.
　　The mechanical properties of castings are lower than those of forgings of the same material. In addition, forging ensures the continuity of the metal fiber structure, making the fiber structure of the forging consistent with the forging shape, resulting in complete metal flow lines. This ensures that the part has good mechanical properties and a long service life. Forgings produced using precision die forging, cold extrusion, warm extrusion, etc., are unmatched by castings. Forgings are objects shaped to the required shape or appropriate compressive force by applying pressure to the metal through plastic deformation. This force is typically achieved using a hammer or press. The forging process creates a refined grain structure and improves the physical properties of the metal. In the actual use of components, a correct design can make the grain flow in the direction of the main pressure. Castings are metal shaped objects obtained by various casting methods, that is, molten metal is poured, injected, sucked in, or cast into a pre-prepared mold by other casting methods, and after cooling, sand removal, cleaning, and post-processing, objects with a certain shape, size, and performance are obtained.